From tongue-ties to colostrum, hip dysplasia to plagiocephaly, here are some of the most common terms you’ll hear as a new parent — and what they mean.
Becoming a new parent can feel like entering a foreign land, including the slew of unfamiliar words and phrases being thrown your way, some of which are scary sounding.
“Becoming a parent, especially when it’s for the first time, can be a very overwhelming experience,” said Dr. Christopher Ekker, a pediatrician with Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt. “It’s natural to have many questions about your baby and what’s normal and what’s not.”
From tongue-ties to colostrum and hip dysplasia to plagiocephaly, here’s your guide to some of the most common terms new parents encounter. Remember, your pediatrician is always there to answer questions and provide support as you care for your new bundle of joy.
Birthmarks
Birthmarks are skin variations that are present at birth or appear shortly after. They are generally classified into two main types: vascular and pigmented. Vascular birthmarks are caused by abnormal blood vessels and often appear red, pink or purple, such as port-wine stains. Pigmented birthmarks result from an excess of pigment-producing cells and may be brown, black, or blue, such as moles or café-au-lait spots.
Most birthmarks don’t require treatment and often fade over time. However, medical attention may be necessary for birthmarks that grow rapidly, cause discomfort or are in sensitive areas. Treatment options include medication, laser therapy or surgery.
Colostrum
Colostrum is the first breastmilk that is produced by mom upon birth. Often referred to as “liquid gold” for its yellowish color and health benefits, colostrum is packed with protein and antibodies that help protect newborns from infections.
“It’s essentially the baby’s first immune booster,” Ekker explained. While some new parents worry they’re not producing enough milk in those early days, even small amounts of colostrum are beneficial.
Hip dysplasia
Hip dysplasia refers to instability in the hip joint, which can range from mild looseness to full dislocation. It’s most often present at birth and tends to occur more frequently in breech babies, firstborns and those with a family history of the condition. While mild cases typically resolve on their own, more severe cases may require treatment, such as with a special harness, to ensure proper hip development.
Jaundice
Jaundice is the yellowing of a newborn’s skin or the whites of their eyes, caused by elevated bilirubin levels. This condition is common in newborns, as their livers are still maturing.
“Physiologic jaundice is normal in most babies,” Ekker said, “but we monitor levels to ensure they don’t get too high, which could require treatment with phototherapy (light therapy).”
Newborn screen test
The newborn screening test is a standard procedure performed within 24 to 48 hours after birth. A small blood sample is taken via heel prick to check for various genetic, metabolic and blood conditions, such as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia.
While an abnormal result may seem alarming, “the test only indicates the possibility of a condition,” Ekker said. “Further testing would be needed to make a diagnosis.”
Positional plagiocephaly
Plagiocephaly is a scary-sounding term that simply describes a flat spot on a baby’s head. They can develop when a baby lies in the same position for extended periods of time.
“This condition is cosmetic and does not affect brain development,” Ekker said.
Plagiocephaly can usually be managed with repositioning techniques and tummy time. Some babies require the use of a specially made helmet to encourage an even head shape.
Safe sleep
Safe sleep practices are vital for reducing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). These include placing babies on their backs to sleep, using a firm mattress and keeping the crib free of blankets, pillows and toys.
“If there’s one term on this list I want parents to understand more than anything, it’s this,” Ekker said. “Safe sleep practices save lives.”
Tongue tie
Tongue ties are a condition in which the tissue connecting the tongue to the floor of the mouth is too tight, potentially limiting tongue movement. While tongue ties can sometimes interfere with breastfeeding, most do not require surgical treatment unless feeding difficulties arise. If breastfeeding issues persist, consult a lactation consultant or pediatrician for advice.
Vitamin D drops
Vitamin D is essential for bone health, and yet it’s difficult to get adequate amounts of the nutrient from diet alone, even as a baby. That’s why the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends supplementing with vitamin D drops starting shortly after birth.
“These drops are crucial for supporting healthy growth during the first year of life,” Ekker explained.
Once a formula-fed baby is drinking 32 ounces of formula per day, you can discontinue the use of drops. Breastfed babies, however, should continue getting the supplement through at least the first year of life.
Care After Hours
Vanderbilt’s Children’s After-Hours Clinics offer the convenience of a walk-in clinic with care provided by a board-certified pediatrician from Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt. No appointment is necessary, but calling your pediatrician first is recommended.
